Present Indefinite Tense, āĻ¯āĻž Present Simple Tense āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§āĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¤, āĻāĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻˇāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻĻā§āĻ¨āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸, āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻāĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ā§:
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž:
Present Indefinite Tense-āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ āĻ¨:
āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ Subject (āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻž) Singular Third Person (he, she, it āĻŦāĻž āĻ¯ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ Singular Noun) āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¤āĻŦā§ Verb-āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ ‘s’ āĻŦāĻž ‘es’ āĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
- He reads a book.
- She goes to school.
- āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ Subject (āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻž) I, You, We, They āĻŦāĻž Plural Noun āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ¤āĻŦā§ Verb-āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ˛ āĻ°ā§āĻĒ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
- I read a book.
- They go to school.
āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ āĻ¨:
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯: (Negative Sentences)
- Singular Third Person: Subject + does not + Verb-āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ˛ āĻ°ā§āĻĒ + Object
- He does not read a book.
- āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§: Subject + do not + Verb-āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ˛ āĻ°ā§āĻĒ + Object
- I do not read a book.
- They do not go to school.
- Singular Third Person: Subject + does not + Verb-āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ˛ āĻ°ā§āĻĒ + Object
- āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯: (Interrogative Sentences)
- Singular Third Person: Does + Subject + Verb-āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ˛ āĻ°ā§āĻĒ + Object?
- Does he read a book?
- āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§: Do + Subject + Verb-āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ˛ āĻ°ā§āĻĒ + Object?
- Do you read a book?
- Do they go to school?
- Singular Third Person: Does + Subject + Verb-āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ˛ āĻ°ā§āĻĒ + Object?
āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°:
āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻļā§:
- The sun rises in the east.
- Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻž āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸āĻāĻ¤ āĻāĻžāĻ:
- She walks to school every day.
- They play football on weekends.
āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻāĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋ/āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ:
- He works at a bank.
- They live in New York.
- āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸ā§āĻāĻŋ:
- The train leaves at 6 PM.
- The meeting starts at 10 AM.
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ:
- I eat breakfast at 8 AM every day.
- Birds fly in the sky.
- The shop opens at 9 AM.
- She does not like spicy food.
- Do you play the guitar?
āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻˇ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻ¨ā§āĻ:
- āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ ‘s’ āĻŦāĻž ‘es’ āĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ Verb-āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ Subject singular third person āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
- āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻˇ āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ ‘y’ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻļā§āĻˇ āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻ° āĻāĻā§ consonant āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āĻ¤āĻŦā§ ‘y’ āĻŽā§āĻā§ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ ‘ies’ āĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻšāĻŦā§, āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨, ‘cry’ -> ‘cries.’
Present Indefinite Tense āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžā§ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻšāĻāĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§āĻžāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ˛ āĻ°ā§āĻĒ āĻ¨āĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻšā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ āĻā§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸ā§ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻ°āĻ˛ā§ āĻ¸āĻŽā§ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻĻāĻā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻž āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦā§āĨ¤